Tuesday, January 10, 2017

References

References


CAST(2013). UDL Guidelines 2.0 / National center on universal design for learning.
Collison, G., Elbaum, B., Haavind, S., & Tinker, R. (2000). Facilitating online
      learning: Effective strategies for moderators. Madison, WI: Atwood.
     Learning and Teaching Writing Online: Strategies for Success. (2015).
Cournoyer, B. (2012). What’s the difference?. Informal vs. Formal Learning. Retrieved
Felder, R. M., & Brent, R. (2005). Understanding student differencesJournal of
Engineering Education, 94(1), 57-72. Retrieved from
Hall, T., Strangman, N., & Meyer, A. (2003). Differntiated instruction and implications
for UDL implementation. Wakefield, MA: National Center on Accessing the
General Curriculum. Retrieved from
Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D. J., & Pollock, J. E. (2001). Classroom instruction that
works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Mills, G. E. (2011). Action Research: A guide for the Teacher Researcher. Upper Saddle                      River Pearson Education, Inc.
Spurlin, J.E., Rajala, S.A., & Lavelle, J.P. (2008).  Designing better engineering education
through assessment: a practical resource for faculty and department chairs on using assessment and ABET criteria to improve student learning. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publication, Inc.
TED. (2006). Ken Robinson says schools kill creativity [Video]. Retrieved from TED
     Talks: http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity.html
Using Technology with Classroom Instruction that Works (review). (2012). The Journal
of General Education, (2), 176.

PLO 8

Demonstrate the ability to make informed decisions regarding the use of technology in support of learning and leadership (PLO 8).


Program Learning Outcome 8 is a program learning outcome that gives the capacity to use technology to teach someone something new.  Technology is not only earmarked for student’s but also can be carried over into all areas of education.  As an instructor, the use of technology and new ways of teaching can be the difference in how the attention of the students is gained and maintained. Though technology is useful in many aspects of teaching or directing, there are other avenues to use to obtain the attention of the audience.

Learning and leadership can be enriched inside organizations by increasing work satisfaction, productivity, and motivation that will result in “small wins” for all stakeholders.  Although “small wins” are different for everyone, a positive behavior is the outcome of any “small win” because it alters one’s behavior positively.  To increase “small wins” within an organization, changes must be made to improve work performance (Riggio, 2012).  Organizational changes tend to elicit different reactions, thoughts, and motivation.  Change outcomes are unpredictable, but the benefits are foreseen.  An effective implementation change of strategy will result in “small wins” that will positively impact everyone involved (Spiro, 2011).  The benefits of a small win always reinforce the positive to the student and educator.  It is also observed that through “small wins” teachers can create momentum to build upon for the next teaching goal.

This activity will cover Program Learning Outcome 8 “demonstrates the ability to make informed decisions regarding the use of technology in support of learning and leadership.” 




References

Liu, Chih Cu. & Chen, I Ju. (April 2010). Evolution of constructivism. Contemporary
issues in education research. Vol. 3 Number 4.

Riggio, E. R. (2012). Using “small wins” to advance your work career. Psychology

Spiro, J. (2011). Leading change step-by-step: Tactics, tools, and tales. San Francisco, 
Ca. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


PLO 6 & PLO 7

Evaluate technology resources to facilitate effective assessment and evaluation (PLO 6).

Utilize technology to collect and analyze data, interpret results, communicate findings (PLO 7).


Program Learning Outcome 6 evaluates technology resources to facilitate effective assessment and evaluation of the learner.  In high school level, assessment has become a big topic.  Assessment is used to measure the students learning, efficiency of lessons, value of knowledge, and shows mastery of the learning goals.  Assessment is measured in many different ways in the schools today. 

Program Learning Outcome 7 utilizes technology to collect and analyze data, interpret results, and communicate findings.  Formative Assessments, observations, projects, essays, and exams are ways to use data to analyze student growth.  By using the data collected it reveals the student's strengths and weaknesses in a particular area.   

In today's classrooms, technology is often used in education.  Technology is evolving in the sense of the class that educators have had to find ways innovative ways of administering evaluations and assessments to ensure that the quality of education they are delivering is truly efficient and that their students are truly learning and retaining the content being taught to them.  In using technology in the classroom, it allows the student to demonstrate the knowledge that they have gained in the classroom.  Technology also makes it quicker for educators to see what their students have learned and helps them get a better understanding of what they need to work on with the student.  When using the proper technology the learning process is more efficient for the student and it allows the teacher to measure what the student has retained.  This will also allow for the teacher to make adjustments and tailor the learning process to meet the needs of the student. 

This activity will cover Program Learning Outcome 6 “to evaluate technology resources to facilitate effective assessment and evaluation" and program learning outcome 7 "to utilize technology to collect data, interpret results, and communicate findings"


Assessment and Evaluation using Technology

References

Bedard-Voorhees, A., Johnson, L.M., & Dobson, P. (2011).Letting them show what they know:
Digital assessment strategies. [Book Submission Chapter Final Version]. In S. Hirtz and K. Kelly (Eds.) Education for a Digital World 2.0, Section F: eAssessment: Measuring in Ways that Matter. British Columbia: Province of British Columbia.

Dabbagh, N. (2006). Instructional design knowledge base. Retrieved from:

PLO 5

Exemplify ethical practices of technology usage.


Program Learning Outcome 5 exemplifies the ethical practices of technology usage. 
When using technology as a part of a lesson, a teacher must strive to use the ethical practices to ensure that all students are safe and being treated fairly.  I have found that students need to know that computers software is protected by copyright laws.  They also need to know that it is unlawful, as well as unethical, to make copies of textbook pages, websites, and computer programs without permission or payment of the person or persons responsible for the work.  When I speak to my students at the beginning of the school year, I stress that plagiarism is easier with the help of the computer.  Students need to understand when and how to cite sources in both print and electronic formats.  With the help of some websites, it will allow you to input information and it will cite the reference for you but students also need to know how to cite it on paper in class.  When using technology as a part of a lesson, a teacher must strive to use ethical practices to ensure that all students are being treated fairly and are safe.  According to Lin (2007), there are several methods that all teachers should employ to ensure that they are developing technology use strategies that are ethical. 

The revised assignment involved the creation of the classroom blog that students could access at any time of the day.  The blog was also set up for parents to check homework and assignment due dates.  Also, then the intent of the blog was to include a link to a classroom wiki where students could participate in class discussions together outside of the classroom.  In researching the use of blogs, the teacher found that there are many different types of blogs.  “Blogs and wikis have tremendous potential to increase learning as long as they are used appropriately” (Heilferty, 2011, p. 947).  In reviewing many education blogs, the major lesson that was found to be missing from the lesson was an explanation of ethical guidelines and principles.  According to Heilferty (2011), people often fail to realize that the information they post to online discussion forums such as blogs is going to be read by others, sometimes by many others.  According to the Heilferty (2011), even private classroom blogs and wikis can be hacked, so students need to be aware that any information they post on these social networking sites in not too personal or embarrassing.  When reviewing these resources, it was fascinating that classroom blogs can be hacked even if they are private. 

This activity will cover Program Learning Outcome 5 “to exemplify ethical practices of technology usage.”


References

Heilferty, C.M. (2011). Ethical considerations in the study of online illness narratives: A qualitative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(5), 940-959.

Lin, H. (2007).  The ethics of instructional technology: Issues and coping strategies experienced by professional technologists in design and training situations in higher education.  EducationalTechnology Research & Development, 55(5), 411-437. doi:10.1007/s11423-006-9029-y


PLO 4

Apply research to support learning in a technology-enhanced environment.


Program Learning Outcome 4 is applied for research to support the learning in a technology environment.  While searching on the Ashford library, I came across an article that focused on a school which tried many different ways to help their students interact and socialize more with their peers. The school began by using Facebook as a way to get the students to socialize with one another. The school did not require them to use Facebook, but those who had Facebook accounts were not using their accounts to socialize with their classmates. Most of those students were using Facebook to play games and connect with people outside of their class. The school tried for a few years a new program called Ning that only gave access to students to connect and socialize with only their classmates. The students used this software to create tutoring groups to help one another out. The teachers were able to use the software to give assignments and give feedback to all students. After the students had used the program, the school polled the students, and they found that students felt that they can express how they felt and connect with other classmates. They also found that this software helped students ask more questions to the teachers because they were able to ask questions discreetly.

I think this is an excellent article about the program learning outcome four because it shows a school that notices a deficiency and acts to fix the problem. This program gives the students sense of ownership and lets them express themselves while socializing with their peers. I had the opportunity to use a Learning Management System in my previous class that I taught for special education students and found that 95% of my students socialized more using the Learning Management System (LMS) than in a traditional classroom. I have students now that will answer a discussion question and interact with peers because they do not need to speak in a public setting area. This is a great tool for the "shy" student, who wants to participate but doers not want to talk in public. I think this is a great way to get our students to socialize more with their peers.

The PLO 4 activity involves research, exploring, and supporting information needed to help increase the technology environment for online education.  The activity encourages learners to search popular articles and evaluations to reach a conclusion on the effect of collective websites.  The PLO 4 is used to help the educator research for answers, incorporate statistics, data and analysis information throughout the MATLT program. 

E-Learning Mind Map 


This activity will cover Program Learning Outcome 4 “to apply research to support the learning in a technology-enhanced environment.”


Learning in a Technology-Enriched Environment

References

Barbour, M., & Plough, C. (2009). Social Networking in Cyberschooling: Helping to Make Online Learning Less Isolating. Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning, 53(4),56-60. doi:10.1007/s11528-009-0307-5

Felder, R. M., & Brent, R. (2005). Understanding student differencesJournal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 57-72. Retrieved from 
http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Papers/Understanding_Differences.pdf 

Hall, T., Strangman, N., & Meyer, A. (2003). Differentiated instruction and implications for UDL implementation. Wakefield, MA: National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum. Retrieved from http://aim.cast.org/sites/aim.cast.org/files/DI_UDL.1.14.11.pdf


TED. (2006). Ken Robinson says schools kill creativity [Video]. Retrieved from TED Talks: http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity.html

PLO 3

Design learning opportunities that apply technology-enhance instructional strategies to support the needs of all learners.

Program Learning Outcome 3 is used to understand how instructional design is used to support the needs of all learners.  It is also critical to the academic success of students.  It is crucial that the teacher knows who diverse students are, how they impact the classroom, and how the learning process affects each of them.  Furthermore, when the classroom environment is created all students have the opportunity to be engaged in the learning process and requires the teachers to look at the technology in the classroom and determine what is beneficial.  


As an educator, it is critical to building relationships and understand students so that the class will run smoothly.  Although most students have the knowledge and understanding of most topics, it is important to support the struggling learners.  Understanding which students will need additional support is necessary if a teacher expects to be successful in the classroom.  Educator needs to keep the students focused and engaged to maintain the students on track. In the past, teacher-centered learning was important, but today the class is geared to the student-centered learning.  Teachers need to create a classroom environment that all students can have the opportunity to be a successful student.  
According to Willoughby, No two students enter a classroom with same abilities, experiences, and needs. Learning style, language proficiency, background knowledge, readiness to learn, and other factors can vary widely within a single class group. Regardless of their individual differences, however, students are expected to master the same concepts, principles, and skills (2005).  As an educator, we need to find the many learning styles are the learners and incorporate those skills into the learning environment.  There are seven different learning styles that the educator needs to examine to find which learning style is best suited for their students. 







This activity will cover Program Learning Outcome 3 “designing learning opportunities that apply technology-enhanced instructional strategies to support the needs of all learners.

Supporting the Needs of all Learners


References

A Handy Visual Featuring The 7 Learning Styles. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2017, from http://www.educatorstechnology.com/2014/09/a-handy-visual-featuring-7-learning.html

Willoughby, T., & Wood, E. (2008). Children's learning in a digital world. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.

PLO 1 & PLO 2

Demonstrate knowledge and skills related to learning using technology (PLO 1).

Demonstrate knowledge and skills in current and emerging instructional technologies. (PLO 2).


Program Learning Outcome 1 ensures that the educator knows what they are doing and how to use the technology before the instructor teaches it to their learners.  The students will look at the teacher as the role model about the technology.  The student will also turn to the teacher for assurance of using the technology correctly.

Program Learning Outcome 2 reminds the educator to use technology in lessons to help with student engagement. Students are very much familiar with the use of technology that they tune out when the lesson is basic lecture and notes.   The educator can add presentations, the use of the Internet or computers or even the use of a smartphone to allow for visual and auditory stimulation and leads to better student engagement. According to Dabbagh (2006), emphasizes on structuring, organizing, and sequencing information to facilitate optimal processing. 

This activity will cover Program Learning Outcome 1 "demonstrating the knowledge and skills to learning using the technology in the classroom" and Program Learning Outcome 2 "demonstrating the knowledge and skills in current and emerging instructional technologies"

Current and Emerging Instructional Technologies in Technology


Dabbagh, N. (2006) Instructional design knowledge base. Retrieved from

           http://classweb.gmu.edu/ndabbagh/Resources/IDKB/models_theories.htm.

Ranking PLOs

Rank and discuss the importance of each Program Learning Outcome to your individual work setting.

From first to last, rank each PLO by its importance to you as an educator.

PLO 1
 Demonstrate knowledge and skills related to learning using technology.

PLO 6
 Evaluate technology resources to facilitate effective assessment and evaluation.

PLO 3
 Design learning opportunities that apply technology-enhanced instructional strategies to support the needs of all learners.

PLO 2
 Demonstrate knowledge and skills in current and emerging instructional technologies

PLO 4
 Apply research to support learning in a technology-enhanced environment.

PLO 8
 Demonstrate the ability to make informed decisions regarding the use of technology in support of learning and leadership.

PLO 7
 Utilize technology to collect and analyze data, interpret results, and communicate findings.

PLO 5
 Exemplify ethical practices of technology usage.


In my work setting, I am a special education and general education teacher at the high and middle school levels.  I found it very tough to rank these program learning outcomes because one can not be used without the other.  I feel that you need all of these outcomes and they are interconnected with each other.

PLO 1:  After working these past fourteen months and using technology in the classroom, I found that PLO 1 is used on a daily basis in my classroom.  The instructor needs to understand the core competencies and demonstrate knowledge of the learning to incorporate the technology into the classroom.   Educators need to formulate a plan to decide which technologies will be beneficial to the learning environment.  This outcome is critical to the success of all students because if the educator does not have the knowledge and skills in using technology, then it would impede the learner's progress.  Technology should be used to overlap with the instructional design strategies and help the student become successful in the classroom.  This PLO is used in my classroom through a tool called web quest.  I have created a web quest which is used to have everything that the lesson entails on one page.  I have also placed all the videos and hyperlinks so that all the information can be found in one particular spot.  The web quest allows the learner to gain knowledge and experience with the most current technology.  I feel that this PLO is the most important because it is the baseline for all technology used in the classroom.  Learning and gaining new skills will also help the educator find new ways to incorporate and tailor the education to the student's individual needs.  All learners learn differently, and it is up to the educator to master the skills required and enhance the classroom.
 
PLO 6: The next program learning outcome that is important to me as an educator is the second outcome which evaluates technology resources to create assessment and evaluations.  The first thing an educator should do is to assess and evaluate the prior knowledge of each student to understand what they should teach.  When a teacher assesses each student, it gives them a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses as well as interests and experiences.  Assessment is an on-going process aimed at improving and understanding student learning (Spurlin, J.E., Rajala, S.A., & Lavelle, J.P., 2008).  This PLO is a crucial part of being a successful educator.  The only way to get better at something is by evaluating the way you are completing the task and then find ways to make it better.  Assessments and evaluations can be used to set groups and learning goals for each student.  I use this PLO in my classroom when I am introducing a new learning goal.  I will administer the students a six to ten questionnaire using quizlet to check for prior knowledge.  This task allows me to use the information as a starting point for the next learning goal.

PLO 3: The next program learning outcome is three because all students need to understand why we integrate technology into their learning and how it is beneficial to their everyday living.  All students will eventually use technology in their future careers.  It is important that the educator explains the meaning and why it is relevant to use in future careers. As an educator, I would make sure that I research and design technology software that the student will be comfortable and meets their learning goals.
I have found many different ways to educate and authenticate understanding of the information being presented.  The first Universal Design for Learning principle is to provide multiple means of representation (Cast, 2013).  I found that this method helps benefit learners by being presented with information on various supports.  Books, pictures or a video are used to help provide a variety of learning methods that will benefit multiple students.  By showing these tools will contribute to validate comprehension of the content being taught in the classroom.  Some of these tools have been used in my previous classes where professors asked to watch a video and share thoughts and ideas.  Our professors had giving quotes and asked to internalize and describe what the quote been to you as an educator.  Using different tools to has helped me grasp the understanding f the materials being taught and has given me a better understanding of the methods.
In my special education classroom, I use this PLO all the time.  I am always looking for new technologies to fit the students and their different learning styles.  A big issue that I have seen in the special education classroom is the lack of brainstorming.  I integrated the brainstorming ideas so that the students can work on a computer and visually create their brainstorming mind maps.  Using bubbl.us allows the students to be creative and rearrange their bubbles so that it fits their learning styles.  This PLO is in my top three because I have taught special education for the past ten years and realized that all students learn differently and need to specially designed instruction tailored to their learning.

PLO 2: Program learning outcome two demonstrates the knowledge and skills just like program learning outcome one, but this involves the current and emerging instructional technologies.  This program learning outcome is used in the autistic support classroom every day.  I have the opportunity to visit this class to see how the emerging technology like an iPad or netbook is used to communicate the needs of the students.  The iPad can be applied to the educational setting of the class because it helps the students communicate visually and verbally.  This PLO has also been used for general education students to read ebooks and complete assessments.

PLO 4: The next program learning outcome is four, and it requires the latest research to be successful as an educator.  According to Mills (2011), the teacher is the researcher that gathers the information about how the school operates, teaches, and how well their students learn.  An instructor must collect the research found and select the correct educational technology tool to meet the needs of their learner.  When the educator collects all information from research, it is imperative to determine the different types of methods and theories to assist the student.  To better assist the learner the educator must customize the instruction to meet the needs of the learners.  This PLO can be used by the educator to find new technologies to help support their students.   As I was researching high school math software, I discovered that my Go Math textbook has an online interactive personal trainer.  This software allows the student to take QR readings while they are at their house and will explain the question in detail.  This tool gives the students to one on one instruction from anywhere they have an internet connection.  Whether teachers realize it or not they are always looking for new technologies or strategies to build upon their teaching.            
         
PLO 8: Program learning outcome eight is the next important PLO which explains the ability to make informed decisions in technology.  It is observed that more classrooms are integrating technology into their classrooms which can aid student engagement and spark their interest to try new things.  Technology not only can increase student performance, skill and interest but also allows educators and administrators a way to share ideas that can be beneficial for the growth and caters to the learning style of each student.  Technology gives us the ability to be creative and collaborative in a way we have never been used before.  New forms of technology-based learning such as wikis, emails, blogs, presentations and social media sites can be utilized.  For teachers technology can be a great asset, students and parents can communicate and update student’s grades, performance, and behavior in school.
This program learning outcome will be used in the everyday classroom and changed from formal learning to informal learning.  Most traditional schools are set up for formal learning.  The content is presented from a planned structured learning environment and is more teacher-centered driven.  All the materials are administered in a traditional classroom setting with lectures, readings from textbooks, and scheduled assessments.  According to Cournoyer, “We give kids the road map; they figure out how they learn best (reinventing schools coalition).” Figuring out how learners learn best by permitting them to process the information in manners they understand and can access easier and ensure reliable access to technology (Cournoyer, 2012).   This PLO is ranked sixth because I feel that it is very tough for teachers to change or go against what the school district is telling them to teach.  Teachers follow a strictly planned unit and can not veer off track too much.  I feel that this is imperative but also tough to fix.  I can control what is being taught in my classroom to an extent.  I would try to administer instruction that is geared for the learner as an individual than a whole group.  Another way to seek to switch to an informal learning classroom is by using less paper and pencil and more electronic devices and discussion boards to engage the learner.  

PLO 7:  Program learning outcome seven is the second to last outcome that utilizes technology to collect and analyze data to better enhance the learning environment.  In using technology in the classroom, it allows the student to demonstrate the knowledge that they have learned in the classroom.  Technology also makes it quicker for educators to see what their students have learned and helps them get a better understanding of what they need to work on with the student.  When using the proper technology the learning process is more efficient for the student and it allows the teacher to measure what the student has retained.  Data through technology will also allow for the teacher to make adjustments and tailor the learning process to meet the needs of the student.  Every school has many different learning challenges that need to distinguish the learning environment for a traditional environment to assess performance and learning goals.  Assessment is an on-going process aimed at understanding and improving student learning (Spurlin, J.E., Rajala, S.A., & Lavelle, J.P., 2008).  There are many different forms of assessment and evaluation tools that teachers use in the learning environment.  The objective and purpose of assessment are to improve student learning.  Teachers use many different tools and techniques to get feedback about the mastery of the goal/objective being taught to the student.
I will use this program learning outcome with my special education class to progress monitor.  I will show each students growth through a flow chart, checklist, our through an online application (Dojo application).  The application will allow the parent to view the progress of their child for the entire school year.  As an educator, I can also use the data collected to check for understanding of the task being taught.  This program learning outcome will often be used because the purpose of educational technology is to invest and create leadership in both the student and educator.

PLO  5:  The final program learning outcome on my list is five which exemplifies ethical practices with the use of technology.  When using technology as a part of a lesson, a teacher must strive to use the ethical practices to ensure that all students are safe and being treated fairly.  I have found that students need to know that computers software is protected by copyright laws.  They also need to know that it is unlawful, as well as unethical, to make copies of textbook pages, websites, and computer programs without permission or payment of the person or persons responsible for the work.  I will use the PLO in my classroom by creating a wiki or blog that is private for only the classroom students.  This wiki or blog will allow the students to interact with each other.  The students will also have the opportunity to answer discussion questions and give feedback from their instructor and peers.  The wiki or blog will be secure and will allow the students to share their work on a private server.  The students and parents will also be asked to sign a code of ethics page, to understand how to interact with peers.  I have placed this program learning outcome and the end of my rankings because I feel that ethical practices should come as an automatic concern when choosing the technology.  I feel that if the educator is careful when researching the technology, then this program learning outcome would already be completed before introducing the technology to the learner.  

Final Reflection of EDU697 and MATLT Program

Thanks to everyone who helped me throughout my journey in the MATLT Program.  I am so excited that this journey has come to an end.  I would like to thank all of my peers for pushing me and giving constructive criticism in all my work.  Below I have posted my reflection video on reflecting on my time in EDU697 and the MATLT program.  See Below!        


PLEASE CLICK for Final Reflection

Introduction

Welcome to my EDU-697 CAPSTONE Final Project


Thank you in advance for viewing my e-Portfolio.  This is the online portion of my MATLT Final Project which details the Program Learning Outcomes and ranks them by importance to me as an educator.  My e-Portfolio is made up of narratives and designs that promote my understanding of the eight program learning outcomes.  This portfolio is a glance at the knowledge I have attained through completing my master's program class Teaching and Learning using Technology.  This has been very challenging but very rewarding as an educator.  Please enjoy and offer feedback.  Thank you.